Difference between revisions of "Medium Format Cameras Gear Guide"

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'''A proficiency test is required to check out this camera.''' Schedule a proficiency at the front desk of Media Loan or by calling 360-867-6253. Read this operating guide and complete the written portion of the [[Medium Format Cameras Proficiency Test]] prior to your scheduled proficiency. (You must already be proficient in the 35mm manual Camera before obtaining this proficiency.) Bring your answer sheet with you to the test, which should take approximately 30 - 45 minutes. <br />
+
[[File:MediumFormat-top-large.jpg|centre|800x800px]]
−
=== General Camera Care ===
+
'''A proficiency test is required to check out these cameras.''' Schedule a proficiency at the front desk of Media Loan or by calling 360-867-6253. Read this operating guide and complete the written portion of the [[Medium Format Cameras Proficiency Test]] prior to your scheduled proficiency. (You must already be proficient in the 35mm manual camera before obtaining this proficiency.) Bring your answer sheet with you to the test, which should take approximately 30 - 45 minutes.
−
Do not drop this camera!
+
 
−
Do not subject the camera to moisture or water!
+
=== Introduction to Medium Format ===
−
Do not leave this camera in excessive heat, such as a car!
+
 
−
Do not store this camera in excessive cold!
+
==== Medium Format vs. 35mm ====
−
Do not use excessive physical force!
+
This is an instructional guide to the medium format film
−
Return to Media Loan for cleaning!
+
cameras available at Media Loan. It will cover a brief introduction to medium
−
Do not take the top off of the Pentax 6X7/67II, it will get dust inside!
+
format photography and then go through the operating steps for each of our
−
Media Loan currently carries six brands of Medium Format cameras. This guide will give you the general knowledge you’ll need to operate all of our Medium Format cameras.  However, if there are any differences in operation between models, we have listed those differences within each section.  
+
models.
−
As with all other Media Loan Equipment, the users assume full financial responsibilities when borrowing the cameras from Media Loan.When checking out a Medium Format camera, it is recommended that you also check out:
+
 
−
•Light Meter
+
When talking about film photography, there are three main
−
•Sync Cable
+
types of film, or formats: 35mm, medium format, and large format. With medium
−
•Flash
+
and large format, the frame size on the film is much larger than 35mm film and yields significantly more detail and the ability to be printed at very large sizes. In essence, it
−
•Tripod
+
is a question of quality. The size and shape of the actual frame is variable
−
Media Loan has a limited number of Medium Format Cameras. We appreciate your help in caring for this item to insure its long-term use at Evergreen.
+
depending on the camera (whether your picture is a square, rectangle, skinny
−
=== Film ===
+
rectangle, etc.) The size of the frame is often indicated in the name of the
−
Medium Format cameras usually use 120 film, which allows 12 exposures in 2 1/4 cameras and 10 exposures in the Pentax 6X7/67II. The Pentax 6X7/67II will also accept 220 film which will produce 20 images. 220 film is not recommended as the film is quite susceptible to damage.
+
camera, like the Pentax 6x7 whose frame dimensions are 6cm by 7cm. With 35mm
−
=== 2 1/4 Cameras ===
+
photography the size of the frame is always 35mm across regardless of the
 +
camera used.
 +
 
 +
Medium format film comes wrapped around a plastic spool with
 +
light-safe black paper layered around the film itself. There is no metal
 +
canister like with 35mm film. Additionally, when there are no more exposures
 +
left on the roll, medium format film is not rewound back on to the spool but is
 +
transferred to another take-up spool on the other side of the camera.
 +
 
 +
There are two types of medium format film, 120 and 220. The
 +
film is exactly the same except that 220 film contains twice the amount of
 +
exposures as 120. However, most medium format cameras can shoot only one or the
 +
other. The Pentax 6x7 and the Mamiya cameras have the ability to shoot both but the camera needs to be adjusted
 +
to the right setting prior to loading the film. 120 film is the most common and
 +
allows for 10-12 exposures depending on the camera’s aspect ratio. Keep in mind that the Photo Store and many other stores do not process 220 film.
 +
 
 +
==== Tools Required ====
 +
In order to shoot on a medium format camera, you will need some
 +
accessories. Some are optional while others are not. The essentials include an
 +
'''empty film spool''' that your exposed film will be transferred on to (there should
 +
already be one in the camera from the previous user. If there isn’t, ask a Media
 +
Loan staff member to give you one.) You will also need a '''light meter''' as most of our medium
 +
format cameras do not have built in meters.   
 +
 
 +
Refer
 +
to [http://helpwiki.evergreen.edu/wiki/index.php/Light_Meters_Quick_Guide Media Loan’s operating guide for light meters] to find out how to use what
 +
might be called your medium format camera’s best friend.
 +
 
 +
Other accessories include tripods, cable releases, and
 +
flashes. If using a flash, remember to also pick up a flash sync cable.
 +
 
 +
==== Precautions ====
 +
These cameras are old, expensive, and used by many students. Please give them the respect they deserve. Before handling a camera, be
 +
aware of what can potentially damage it and what improper usage looks like.
 +
 
 +
Some general rules for these cameras are:
 +
 
 +
·     
 +
Do not expose them to water or moisture. They
 +
are not weather proof.
 +
 
 +
·     
 +
Do not leave in excessive heat, like in a car.
 +
 
 +
·     
 +
Do not leave in excessive cold, like the
 +
freezer.
 +
 
 +
·     
 +
Do not try to force any mechanism on the camera.
 +
You’re probably doing it wrong if it feels like a lot of force.
 +
 
 +
·     
 +
Do not remove the prism viewfinder or the lens. This will
 +
get dust inside the camera.
 +
 
 +
·     
 +
'''NEVER LEAVE ANYTHING FROM MEDIA LOAN IN YOUR'''
 +
'''CAR'''!
 +
 
 +
·     
 +
As with all Media Loan equipment, you are 100% financially
 +
responsibly for any damage and repairs done to the camera.
 +
[[File:Pentax-top.jpg|thumb|Pentax 6x7]][[File:Pentax film type.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Film type dial]]
 +
=== Pentax 6x7 ===
 +
The Pentax 6x7 is perhaps the easiest to use of
 +
all our medium format cameras, as it most resembles the shape and operation
 +
of a 35mm camera. It is a single lens reflex (SLR) camera meaning that what you see
 +
through the viewfinder is the actual image that will appear on the film. This
 +
camera can shoot both 120 and 220 film. You will not be able to release the
 +
shutter until there is film loaded    
 +
==== Before Loading Film ====
 +
[[File:IMG 3315.JPG|thumb|150x150px|left|Handle screw]]
 +
Firstly, be sure that the wooden handle grip is screwed on tight. All of the camera’s weight rests on this handle.
 +
 
 +
Then you need to set
 +
the film type you are working with, either 120 or 220. There are two places
 +
that need to be adjusted for this. If you’re holding the camera like you would
 +
to shoot, the first is on the right side of the camera. [[File:Pentax Pressure Plate.jpg|thumb|150x150px|left|Pressure plate film type]]There is a dial that
 +
[[File:Pentax locks.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Spool dial locks]]
 +
[[File:Pentax wrong.jpg|150x150px|thumb|Incorrect film direction]]
 +
lets your choose between the two. You will need a quarter or a strong finger
 +
nail to move it. The second adjustment is found on the inside of the camera.
 +
Open the camera by pulling down on the silver release on the bottom left side
 +
of the camera. Notice the black speckled pressure plate on the door. Following
 +
the direction of the arrows there, gently push the pressure plate down and to
 +
the side that corresponds to your film type.
 +
 
 
==== Loading Film ====
 
==== Loading Film ====
−
Place camera neck strap over your head. Hold camera body, bottom-side up with the back facing toward you, with a firm grip on both sides of camera. If  you are using the Seagull or Kalimar, push safety lever in and turn locking disk till arrow points to “O”. If you are using the Mamiya, turn the dial with the red dot on the back of the camera so that it points up, then slide it in the direction of the arrow. Open the back cover. Move the empty spool to the top spool chamber. Put unexposed film in the lower chamber, pulling film towards empty spool.  Make sure film paper is white side up. Fit tapered end into slot on empty spool. This will help hold the film. Rotate the film-winding knob until the arrow on the film leader is aligned with the dot on the frame. (The dots on the Seagull and Kalimar are hard to see, they are located nearest to the far corners of opening.)
+
[[File:Pentax back cover.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|Cover release latch]]
−
Close the camera back and turn locking disk till arrow points to “C”. (The Seagull and Kalimar knob will click when the back is fully shut.) Wind film until crank stops and “1” appears in the film exposure counter.
+
It is best to do this while sitting as these cameras do not come with neck straps.  
−
Rotate the film advance crank in the opposite direction (counter-clockwise) one half turn until it stops (this step is unnecessary with the Mamiya). This will cock the shutter so that the camera is ready for taking the picture.                          
+
# First, open the back of the camera if it is not already open from the previous step. On the bottom of the camera are two silver dials that hold the film spools in place.
−
Be aware that, while Photo Services at Evergreen will process 220 film, many places may not.
+
# Fold out their handles and turn these counter-clockwise and pull them up until the stay put. Make sure your empty take-up spool is on the right side. If there is no spool in the camera, ask a Media Loan or Photoland staff to give you one. (It is common medium format etiquette to leave your old spool in the camera
−
Make sure the camera is stored uncocked. Always load the film in shade or subdued light!
+
when you’re done using it as it is not needed for developing.) [[File:Pentax correct.jpg|150x150px|thumb|Correct film direction]]Like with 35mm film, the Pentax 6x7 needs to be loaded in a “up and over” style and not “down and under.”
 +
 
 +
3. After you’ve aligned the cross in the top of the film spool with the notch in the camera, close the silver dials on the bottom of the
 +
camera.           
 +
 
 +
4. Pull the film across to the right side of the camera and thread the film into the take-up spool just as you would with 35mm film.           
 +
 
 +
5. Use the crank lever to advance the film and stop when the arrows on the film paper line up with the arrow on the inside
 +
of the camera.
 +
 
 +
6. Close the back of the camera and advance the film until “0” is line up with the red dot in the frame counter.           
 +
 
 +
==== Exposing, Focusing, & Taking a Picture ====
 +
The '''shutter speed''' is set by the dial on the top left side
 +
of the camera. The current setting is indicated by whatever number is next to the
 +
small red LED just to the right of the dial. Since there is no built in light
 +
meter on this camera, there is no need to set the '''ISO''' for whatever film you are
 +
using.
 +
 
 +
If using a flash, you must use a shutter speed on this
 +
camera of 1/30<sup>th</sup> of slower.
 +
 
 +
If you wish to do a timed exposure longer than one second
 +
and you don’t want to keep you finger on the shutter as the “Bulb”
 +
setting would allow, rotate the shutter speed dial to anywhere between the red “X” and “1000.”
 +
Now, releasing the shutter will keep it open until you rotate the shutter speed
 +
dial back to “X”.
 +
 
 +
The '''aperture''' ring is located on the lens. This is the ring
 +
closest to the body of the camera and ranges from f/2.4 to f/22. The aperture
 +
ring will be your primary tool for exposing. Also located on the lens is an
 +
aperture preview mechanism. This allows you get see your depth of field before
 +
actually taking a picture. You can lock this switch in "AUTO" mode so
 +
that you will always be previewing your aperture. To do this, slide the switch
 +
to "AUTO" and push down. To release it back to manual, push down on the other side of
 +
the switch.
 +
 
 +
To focus, simply look through the viewfinder and adjust the
 +
focus ring until the split viewfinder is even and the image looks crisp.
 +
 
 +
To release the shutter and take a picture, first crank the film advance level with your right thumb and smoothly and firmly depress the silver button next to the crank.
 +
 
 +
A cable release can be attached by screwing one into the shutter release button just as with Media Loan's 35mm Pentax K-1000 cameras.
 +
 
 +
The Pentax 6x7 can not take multiple exposure pictures.
 +
 
 
==== Unloading Film ====
 
==== Unloading Film ====
−
After twelve frames are exposed, continue to turn the winding crank until there’s no more tension on the advance crank.  At this point, the protective paper of the film should be rolled up to the take-up spool.  When unloading the film, keep the spool rolled and hold the film tightly to prevent light exposure.  Lick or peel the tab and wrap it firmly around the exposed film.  Close the camera back.
 
−
==== Viewing & Focusing ====
 
−
Lift the back of the lid to open the viewfinder.  The magnifier will spring up by pushing the viewfinder cover in or by pushing the lever in the viewfinder to the side.  Use the focusing knob on the left (right on the Yashica or, if it is the Mamiya, on both sides near the bottom front) of the camera body to focus.  Look through the magnifier and rotate the focusing knob until the two split-images come into one or the main subject image on the focusing screen becomes sharp.
 
−
Take special consideration when focusing the Mamiya: unlike the other 2 1/4 cameras, the C33 has a bellows which is fragile and prone to cracking.
 
−
The sports finder is the little square window on the back of the viewfinder.  It’s used to help you align the lens with a fast-moving subject.  Unfortunately, you will not be able to focus the camera while you use this feature.
 
−
To close the viewfinder press the sides and fold the lid down.
 
−
==== Taking the Picture ====
 
−
Hold the camera at waist level.  After cocking the shutter, don’t change the shutter speed!  Press the shutter release button to take a picture.  Wind the crank for the next exposure.  Make sure the frame number in the window lines up. (With the Yashica, you must manually cock the shutter each time you wish to make an exposure.)
 
−
==== Shutter Speed ====
 
−
The shutter speed controls the duration of the exposure. The following table will help you determine the proper shutter speed:
 
−
Camera may be
 
−
Hand Held Use a Tripod or Brace
 
−
Average Pictures Action Pictures Time
 
−
Exposure Slow Speeds
 
−
1/60  1/125 1/250 1/500 ‘B’ 1 sec  1/2  1/4  1/8  1/15 1/30
 
  
−
==== Aperture ====
+
Once all of the frames are exposed you’ll want to unload
−
The Lens Aperture controls the amount of light that will pass through the lens onto the light sensitive film. The following examples will help you determine the appropriate setting.
+
your film. When you’re ready to do this, wind the crank a few more times until
 +
there is no more tension in the crank lever. By now the protective light-safe
 +
paper should be covering the film and totally wrapped around the spool.
 +
Unfasten the silver dials just like when loading film. Keeping a firm grip on the film so that it doesn't unroll,
 +
lick or peel off the sticky tape on the roll and make sure it is securely attached to the
 +
spool. Close everything back up.
 +
 
 
==== Using a Flash ====
 
==== Using a Flash ====
−
To synchronize the flash with the Yashica switch the Synchro Selector MX Switch to “X”.  You will need to check out a Vivitar flash and a flash sync cable.  Because the Vivitar flash was not designed to be used with the Yashica, it will not properly mount on the hot shoe. Therefore, you’ll need to hold it while taking your picture. The Seagull and the Kalimar should not require a sync cable as they can mount onto the hot shoe.
+
To use a flash with the Pentax 6x7, first attach the flash to the hot shoe mount on the handle. This camera has options for both X-type sync cables and FP-type sync cables. Use only the X-type as plugging an X cable into an FP housing can cause damage. Again, this camera can only use a flash when the shutter speed is set to 1/30th of a second or slower.
−
Caution: Avoid moving the self-timer while the flash sync is set at “M”.  It may cause damage to the self-timer.  
+
[[File:Bronica-top2.jpg|thumb|356x356px|Bronica SQ-B]]
−
==== Setting the ASA ====
+
 
−
The ASA rating indicates the film’s sensitivity to light.  The higher the ASA number, the less light required for proper exposure. 
+
=== Bronica ETRS, ETRSI, & SQ-B ===
−
Most of Media Loan’s Medium Format cameras do not have a built-in light meter. The Yashica  has a reminder dial to help you remember the ASA rating, but this dial serves no other purpose.  Therefore, when checking out a camera, it is recommended that you also check out a light meter. Handout for the light meter is also available from Media Loan.
+
 
−
=== Pentax 6X7/67II ===
+
There are three different models of the Bronica available at Media Loan: SB-Q, ETRS, and ETRSi. They are very similar in operation except for a few minor things like button placement and the viewfinders and accessories that come with each camera. The aspect ratio that these cameras shoot at is also different. 
−
The light meter and other features do not work on the Pentax 6X7/67II unless there is film in the camera.*
+
* The ETRS and ETRSi have prism viewfinders and are in a 6x6 (square) format.
−
This camera is not useful for shooting with flash in the daylight, as its fastest sync speed is 1/30 of a second.
+
 
 +
* The SB-Q (aka 645) has a wast-level view finder and is in a 6x4.5 (rectangle) format.
 +
 
 +
The Bronica begins to feel like a departure from the 35mm cameras. It is essentially a cube with a lens attached. One notices a very different feel when shooting with a Bronica than with the Pentax 6x7. Since a lot of the controls are not in conventional places, it may take some time to get acquainted with this camera. All of the Bronica cameras can only use 120 film.  
 +
[[File:Cartridge doors.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Film cartridge doors]]
 +
[[File:Bronica cartridge release.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|Cartridge release latches]]
 +
[[File:Bronica cartridge.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|The film cartridge ]]
 +
 
 
==== Loading Film ====
 
==== Loading Film ====
−
Note: Make sure that the pressure plate and the film-winding knob are set to the correct film length.
+
To load film, open the back of the camera by pinching the buttons that lie just under the viewfinder that are indicated by arrows. It is spring loaded and the film cartridge may fall out so be prepared. The outer shell will fold down and then the film cartridge can be removed.
−
Placing the neck strap over your head and hold the camera body with the bottom and back facing toward you, have a firm grip on the camera. Now pull out the small metal tab on the bottom left-hand side of the camera to release and open the back cover. Turn both metal levers on the bottom of the camera to the left to unlock them (toward the white dot). Make sure the empty spool is on the right side. Put the unexposed film into the left chamber then lock the metal levers on the bottom of the camera. Pull the film toward the empty spool and fit tapered end into the slot; this will help hold the film. Rotate the film advance lever until the arrow on the film leader is aligned with the inside dot according to the size of film you are using. Close the camera back.
+
In the Bronica, film moves from top to bottom. This means your new roll of film will be on top and your empty spool on bottom Now that you're holding the film cartridge, notice there are two door flaps on the left side. Using your finger, push them open from the inside out. You will now be able to remove or insert film spools into each slot. Make sure the empty spool is on bottom and the fresh film is on top. Now you will take the film leader and run it over the pressure plate on the opposite side, bringing it down and around to the empty take up spool. A proper loading will have the black side of the paper leader facing outwards over the pressure plate.  [[File:Bronica-Loading.gif|150x150px|thumb|Film direction]]Now, using the manual film advance wheel located on the right side of the cartridge, advance the film until the arrow on the leader aligns with the red arrow on the inside left of the cartridge. 
−
==== Unloading the Film ====
+
 
−
After the frames are exposed continue to turn the winding crank a few extra times until there’s no more tension on the advance crank. At this point the protective paper of the film should be rolled up to the take-up spool. When unloading the film keep the spool rolled and hold the film tightly to prevent light exposure. Lick or peel the tab and wrap it firmly around the exposed film. Close the camera back.
+
To close the camera, the cartridge must first be aligned properly on the camera body, not inserted into the door. Once the cartridge is in place, close the door. It can be a little tricky to get it perfectly aligned. '''Do not force anything.''' If the door won't shut, take the cartridge out and try again.
 +
 
 +
Now wind the film advance lever until it stops moving and the frame counter is at 0.  
 +
[[File:Bronica viewfinder.JPG|left|thumb|150x150px|Waist-level viewfinder]]
 +
 
 +
==== Waist-level Viewfinder ====
 +
[[File:Bronica magnifier.JPG|thumb|150x150px|Magnifier latch]]
 +
[[File:Bronica magnifier2.JPG|thumb|150x150px|Magnifier]]Many of Media Loan's Bronicas, like the Mamiyas, feature waist-level viewfinders. This is different than a prism viewfinder in which the viewfinder is held up to the eye. Alternatively, waist-level viewfinders are held at the waist and have a "screen" and magnifier for focusing. Most waist-level viewfinders open by simply folding up the top of the camera. Sometimes there is a small latch. There are metal walls that will snap into place once it is open.
 +
To open the magnifier for critical focusing, there is another release latch on the inside of the focusing hood. To close the magnifier, simply move it back into place with your finger, trying not to touch the actual glass.
 +
 
 +
Some of the Bronicas come with prism viewfinders, which you can ask for. Some of the prism viewfinders are electronic and feature an internal light meter.
 +
==== Exposing, Focusing, & Taking a Picture ====
 +
[[File:Bronica shutter speed.JPG|left|thumb|150x150px|Shutter speed dial]]
 +
[[File:Bronica shutter.JPG|left|thumb|150x150px|Shutter release button]]
 +
To set the '''shutter speed''', there is a dial on the right side of the camera body. The Bronica has a range of shutter speeds from 1/500th of a second to 8 seconds.
 +
 
 +
The '''aperture''' is set by twisting the aperture ring on the lens and has a range of f/2.4 to f/22.
 +
 
 +
If you are using a Bronica with a built in light meter, set the '''ISO''' to match your film speed by twisting the dial on the left of the viewfinder. If it does not have an internal light meter, you do not have to worry about setting your ISO.
 +
 
 +
To focus, open the magnifier in the focusing hood as described in the previous section. The Bronica's lens functions conveniently like most other camera lenses. Twist the focus ring until your subject comes into focus.
 +
 
 +
Before '''taking a picture''', the film must be advanced. Do this by winding the crank on the right side of the camera. When there is no film loaded in the camera, the crank will spin indefinitely. Once film has been loaded, the crank will stop itself in the correct position.
 +
 
 +
The shutter release button is a black button located on the front of the camera in the bottom left corner. You can attach a cable release by screwing one into the cable release hole on the left side of the camera.
 +
 
 +
It is preferable to take a picture in the steps in order to ensure a focused picture:
 +
# Advance the film
 +
# Set your shutter speed and aperture according to your light meter
 +
# Focus on your subject
 +
# Depress the shutter release button
 +
[[File:Bronca flash plug.JPG|thumb|150x150px|Flash plug]]
 +
 
 +
==== Using a Flash ====
 +
A flash can be connected using an X-type sync cable. The port for this flash is located on the front side of the camera in the top right corner. When plugging and unplugging a sync cable, always pull gently and straight out. Never use a twisting motion to get it out.
 +
 
 +
The Bronica can conveniently sync with flash at any shutter speed, even at its fastest of 1/500th of a second.
 +
[[File:Bronica handles.JPG|left|thumb|150x150px|Mirror lock-up & multiple exposure knobs]]
 +
 
 +
==== Multiple Exposure ====
 +
The Bronica cameras can take multiple exposures, exposing a single frame an unlimited number of times.
 +
 
 +
To do this, first wind the crank to advance the film. There is a small lever next to the crank that needs to be rotated clockwise. A red warning indicator will appear in the viewfinder letting you know that the multiple exposure mode is engaged, however it is always wise to double check that this lever is in the left or counter-clockwise position (single exposure mode) prior to shooting. When the multiple exposure mode is set, the shutter can be cocked with the film advance crank an infinite number of times without actually advancing the film.
 +
 
 +
==== Mirror Lockup ====
 +
The function of a camera's mirror lockup (also abbreviated MLU) is to reduce the potential for motion blur due to the movement of the mirror inside the camera. This movement will potentially effect photographs only when shooting at shutter speeds of 1/60th of a second or slower. Since the mirror that allows viewing and composing through the viewfinder before actually taking a picture is stuck in its upright position, you will no longer be able to use the viewfinder once the MLU function is engaged.
 +
 
 +
To engage this function on the Bronica, first advance the film with the crank. There is a lever located to the right of the multiple exposure lever. Move this lever counter-clockwise. You will know it is engaged when you can not see anything through the viewfinder.
 +
 
 +
There are three settings for the mirror lockup function. "N" for normal in which the mirror will not lock up, and "S" for single frame and "C" for continuous in which the mirror will be locked up.
 +
 
 +
If you are on your last exposure of the roll and the mirror lock up function is still engaged, the shutter will continue to release every 360 degree turn and will not advance the film as would usually happen after the last exposure.
 +
 
 +
[[File:Mamiya-top.jpg|thumb|Mamiya C330]]
 +
 
 +
=== Mamiya C330 & C220 ===
 +
The Mamiya cameras at Media Loan are perhaps the least intuitive to use of the medium format cameras. Learning to use one properly, however, is well worth it for both high quality images and mad style points. Like large format cameras, the Mamiya uses bellows to focus. Instead of adjusting the elements of glass within the lens, like with lenses that can focus internally, bellows physically move the lens farther or closer to the plane of film in order to focus.
 +
 
 +
The Mamiya shoots square frames that are 2 1/4 inch long in each direction.
 +
[[File:Mamiya pressure plate.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|Pressure plate film type]]
 +
 
 +
==== Before Loading Film ====
 +
[[File:Mamiya-Unlocking.gif|thumb|150x150px|Cover dial rotation]]
 +
Like the Pentax 6x7, the Mamiya can shoot with either 120 or 220 film and the camera needs to be adjusted accordingly before loading film. First, adjust the orientation of the pressure plate on the inside of the camera to coincide with the kind of film you are using. To open the back of the camera rotate the silver locking disk at the top of the back side of the camera so that the red dot is pointing up and you can slide the disk in the direction of the arrow.  
 +
[[File:Mamiya film type.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|Film type indicator]]
 +
[[File:Mamiya dial.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Parallax dial]]
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Because the Mamiya uses a twin lens system rather than being an SLR, you will also need to adjust the parallax adjustment to match whatever the focal length of the lens is you are using. This can be set by the outer ring on the main dial on the left side of the camera. Depending on the adjustment made and the distance of the camera from the subject, a bar will appear on the left side of the viewfinder. ''This is important to notice as it indicates the top of the frame and everything above the bar will be cut off on the actual film, even though it is present in the viewfinder.''
 +
 
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Additionally, because the farther the bellows take the lens away from the film, light is increasingly lost along the way from when it enters the lens to when it reaches the film. Inside the viewfinder, the number that the moving bar lands at indicates in number of stops how much to increase the exposure by in order to compensate for the reduced light.
 +
 
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==== Loading Film ====
 +
With the neck strap around your neck, open the back of the camera as indicated in the previous section. There are two spool release knobs on the left side of the camera. These pull out and will allow you to remove the film spools. Twist these knobs while pulling to lock them in their disengaged position. On the Mamiya, the film moves from bottom to top, opposite of the Bronica cameras move film. Accordingly, place the empty take up spool in the top compartment. Lock it in place. Then place your fresh roll of film in the bottom compartment and lock it in place.
 +
[[File:Mamiya film loading.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|Loading film]]
 +
Pull out the film leader from the fresh spool and bring it up to the empty spool and thread it into that spool. Once threaded, turn the film advance crank on the right side of the camera clockwise to advance the film leader until the printed arrow on the leader matches up with the start mark on the inside of the camera (located a little lower than half way down on the right side.)
 +
 
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Close the back of the camera by pushing firmly on either side of the silver locking dial. Once closed, turn the locking dial counter-clockwise to lock the back cover in place. Continue to turn the film advance crank clockwise until it won't turn anymore. Your shutter is now cocked and ready to take a picture.
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 +
==== Exposing, Focusing, & Taking a Picture ====
 +
[[File:Mamiya exposure.JPG|thumb|150x150px|Shutter speed & aperture]]
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[[File:Mamiya aperture knob.JPG|thumb|150x150px|Aperture adjustment knob]]
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The Mamiya is slightly different than other cameras in that both the aperture and shutter speed are set on the bottom lens. There are individual rings for each of these settings. The '''aperture''' can be set by moving the little black handle on the left side of the lens and the '''shutter speed''' can be set by twisting the knob with fractions of a second on it. Do not change the shutter speed after the shutter has been cocked.
 +
 
 +
The aperture ranges from f/2.8 to f/22 and the shutter speed ranges from 1/500th of a second to 1 seconds.
 +
 
 +
Since the Mamiya does not have an internal light meter there is no need for an '''ISO''' setting. The camera does however allow you to set the ISO of the film you are using on the dial configuration on the right side of the camera. This does not effect the performance of the camera at all but simply serves as a reminder for the kind of film you are shooting. Be sure to also check out a light meter from Media Loan when checking out a medium format camera.
 +
 
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Like the Bronica, most of Media Loan's Mamiyas feature waist-level viewfinders although some of them come with prism viewfinders. You can request either when checking one out. Also like the Bronica, the Mamiya has a magnifier seated within the focusing hood that can be expanded for critical focusing. To '''focus''' the camera, the Mamiya uses bellows that bring the lens closer or farther from the film plane. The lens is a fixed piece of glass and does not focus internally. To adjust the bellows and focus your image, twist either of the large black knobs on the bottom front of the camera.
 +
[[File:Mamiya shutters.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|Two shutter releases]]
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After your film has been advanced by turning the crank clockwise, the camera is ready to '''take a picture'''. There are two ways to release the shutter. The first is a silver button on the front of the camera in the bottom left corner. A cable release can also be screwed in here. The second way is with the slide mechanism on the right side of the camera. There is a small black lever for your thumb. Slide this downward to release the shutter. As the Mamiyas are quite old, not all of the cameras are able to be fired with either method. Some can only use one or the other and this will be indicated by a note on the camera. Advance the film after each exposure.
 +
[[File:Mamiya exposure type.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Exposure type dial]]
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[[File:Mamiya lock.JPG|left|thumb|150x150px|Shutter release lock]]
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There is a shutter lock on the slide mechanism that can be pushed to the "L" position. This prevents both shutter releases from being able to move and is thus useful to use when transporting the camera or arranging your shot.
 +
 
 +
To take take a picture using '''multiple exposures''', there is a dial next to the film advance crank that has the option of either "SINGLE" or "MULTI". Turn this to "MULTI" to be able to exposure a frame multiple times without needing to advance the film.
 +
 
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==== Unloading Film ====
 +
After twelve frames are exposed, continue to turn the winding crank until there is no more tension on the advance crank. At this point, the protective paper of the film should be rolled up around the take up spool. When unloading the film, keep the spool rolled and hold the film tightly to prevent light exposure. Lick or peel the tab on the film and wrap it firmly around the exposed film. Close the camera back.
 +
[[File:Mamiya flash plug.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Flash plug]]
 +
 
 
==== Using a Flash ====
 
==== Using a Flash ====
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Plug the flash with a flash cord into the X sync terminal. This will sync with 1/30th of a second and slower. Do not use Media Loan flashes in the FP sync terminal. This requires a special flash bulb.  
+
To synchronize a flash with the Mamiya, switch the Synchro Selector MX Switch to “X”. You will need to check out a Vivitar flash and a flash sync cable. Because the Vivitar flash was not designed to be used with the Mamiya, it will not properly mount on the hot shoe. Therefore, you’ll need to hold it while taking your picture. The Seagull and the Kalimar should not require a sync cable as they can mount onto the hot shoe.
−
==== Checking the Battery ====
+
'''Caution: Avoid moving the self-timer while the flash sync is set at “M”. It may cause damage to the self-timer.'''
−
To check the battery, press the white “Batt. Check” button on the back upper left of the camera. Above the button a red light will light up if the battery is good. If the battery is dead then bring it to Media Loan to be changed.
+
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==== Focus ====
+
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While looking through the viewfinder turn the focus ring until your subject comes into focus. An alternative way of setting the focus is to measure or estimate the distance from the camera to the subject and turn to that number of feet or meters on the focus ring.
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==== Light Meter ====
+
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Some of the Pentax 6x7’s have a built in light meter. To turn on the light meter remove the lens cap. Set the exposure by rotating the aperture ring (f stop) of the lens until the needle is in the center position of the meter. It is always a good idea to have a separate light meter from the one in the camera as well.
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−
==== Setting the ISO (Also called ASA) and shutter speed ====
+
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Lift the outer ring on the shutter speed dial (left of the camera), and rotate it until the ASA/ISO number of your film is on the orange arrow. Set the shutter speed by turning the shutter speed dial. Generally you should use a tripod if the shutter speed is slower than 1/30th of a second, but it is recommended to use a tripod for 1/60th of a second and below due to mirror slap and shutter vibration.
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  [[category:Media Loan]]
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  [[category:APS Gear Guides]]

Latest revision as of 11:34, 24 August 2023

MediumFormat-top-large.jpg

A proficiency test is required to check out these cameras. Schedule a proficiency at the front desk of Media Loan or by calling 360-867-6253. Read this operating guide and complete the written portion of the Medium Format Cameras Proficiency Test prior to your scheduled proficiency. (You must already be proficient in the 35mm manual camera before obtaining this proficiency.) Bring your answer sheet with you to the test, which should take approximately 30 - 45 minutes.

Introduction to Medium Format

Medium Format vs. 35mm

This is an instructional guide to the medium format film cameras available at Media Loan. It will cover a brief introduction to medium format photography and then go through the operating steps for each of our models.

When talking about film photography, there are three main types of film, or formats: 35mm, medium format, and large format. With medium and large format, the frame size on the film is much larger than 35mm film and yields significantly more detail and the ability to be printed at very large sizes. In essence, it is a question of quality. The size and shape of the actual frame is variable depending on the camera (whether your picture is a square, rectangle, skinny rectangle, etc.) The size of the frame is often indicated in the name of the camera, like the Pentax 6x7 whose frame dimensions are 6cm by 7cm. With 35mm photography the size of the frame is always 35mm across regardless of the camera used.

Medium format film comes wrapped around a plastic spool with light-safe black paper layered around the film itself. There is no metal canister like with 35mm film. Additionally, when there are no more exposures left on the roll, medium format film is not rewound back on to the spool but is transferred to another take-up spool on the other side of the camera.

There are two types of medium format film, 120 and 220. The film is exactly the same except that 220 film contains twice the amount of exposures as 120. However, most medium format cameras can shoot only one or the other. The Pentax 6x7 and the Mamiya cameras have the ability to shoot both but the camera needs to be adjusted to the right setting prior to loading the film. 120 film is the most common and allows for 10-12 exposures depending on the camera’s aspect ratio. Keep in mind that the Photo Store and many other stores do not process 220 film.

Tools Required

In order to shoot on a medium format camera, you will need some accessories. Some are optional while others are not. The essentials include an empty film spool that your exposed film will be transferred on to (there should already be one in the camera from the previous user. If there isn’t, ask a Media Loan staff member to give you one.) You will also need a light meter as most of our medium format cameras do not have built in meters.

Refer to Media Loan’s operating guide for light meters to find out how to use what might be called your medium format camera’s best friend.

Other accessories include tripods, cable releases, and flashes. If using a flash, remember to also pick up a flash sync cable.

Precautions

These cameras are old, expensive, and used by many students. Please give them the respect they deserve. Before handling a camera, be aware of what can potentially damage it and what improper usage looks like.

Some general rules for these cameras are:

·      Do not expose them to water or moisture. They are not weather proof.

·      Do not leave in excessive heat, like in a car.

·      Do not leave in excessive cold, like the freezer.

·      Do not try to force any mechanism on the camera. You’re probably doing it wrong if it feels like a lot of force.

·      Do not remove the prism viewfinder or the lens. This will get dust inside the camera.

·      NEVER LEAVE ANYTHING FROM MEDIA LOAN IN YOUR CAR!

·      As with all Media Loan equipment, you are 100% financially responsibly for any damage and repairs done to the camera.

Pentax 6x7
Film type dial

Pentax 6x7

The Pentax 6x7 is perhaps the easiest to use of all our medium format cameras, as it most resembles the shape and operation of a 35mm camera. It is a single lens reflex (SLR) camera meaning that what you see through the viewfinder is the actual image that will appear on the film. This camera can shoot both 120 and 220 film. You will not be able to release the shutter until there is film loaded    

Before Loading Film

Handle screw

Firstly, be sure that the wooden handle grip is screwed on tight. All of the camera’s weight rests on this handle.

Then you need to set the film type you are working with, either 120 or 220. There are two places that need to be adjusted for this. If you’re holding the camera like you would

to shoot, the first is on the right side of the camera.
Pressure plate film type
There is a dial that
Spool dial locks
Incorrect film direction

lets your choose between the two. You will need a quarter or a strong finger nail to move it. The second adjustment is found on the inside of the camera. Open the camera by pulling down on the silver release on the bottom left side of the camera. Notice the black speckled pressure plate on the door. Following the direction of the arrows there, gently push the pressure plate down and to the side that corresponds to your film type.

Loading Film

Cover release latch

It is best to do this while sitting as these cameras do not come with neck straps.

  1. First, open the back of the camera if it is not already open from the previous step. On the bottom of the camera are two silver dials that hold the film spools in place.
  2. Fold out their handles and turn these counter-clockwise and pull them up until the stay put. Make sure your empty take-up spool is on the right side. If there is no spool in the camera, ask a Media Loan or Photoland staff to give you one. (It is common medium format etiquette to leave your old spool in the camera
when you’re done using it as it is not needed for developing.)
Correct film direction
Like with 35mm film, the Pentax 6x7 needs to be loaded in a “up and over” style and not “down and under.”

3. After you’ve aligned the cross in the top of the film spool with the notch in the camera, close the silver dials on the bottom of the camera.           

4. Pull the film across to the right side of the camera and thread the film into the take-up spool just as you would with 35mm film.           

5. Use the crank lever to advance the film and stop when the arrows on the film paper line up with the arrow on the inside of the camera.

6. Close the back of the camera and advance the film until “0” is line up with the red dot in the frame counter.           

Exposing, Focusing, & Taking a Picture

The shutter speed is set by the dial on the top left side of the camera. The current setting is indicated by whatever number is next to the small red LED just to the right of the dial. Since there is no built in light meter on this camera, there is no need to set the ISO for whatever film you are using.

If using a flash, you must use a shutter speed on this camera of 1/30th of slower.

If you wish to do a timed exposure longer than one second and you don’t want to keep you finger on the shutter as the “Bulb” setting would allow, rotate the shutter speed dial to anywhere between the red “X” and “1000.” Now, releasing the shutter will keep it open until you rotate the shutter speed dial back to “X”.

The aperture ring is located on the lens. This is the ring closest to the body of the camera and ranges from f/2.4 to f/22. The aperture ring will be your primary tool for exposing. Also located on the lens is an aperture preview mechanism. This allows you get see your depth of field before actually taking a picture. You can lock this switch in "AUTO" mode so that you will always be previewing your aperture. To do this, slide the switch to "AUTO" and push down. To release it back to manual, push down on the other side of the switch.

To focus, simply look through the viewfinder and adjust the focus ring until the split viewfinder is even and the image looks crisp.

To release the shutter and take a picture, first crank the film advance level with your right thumb and smoothly and firmly depress the silver button next to the crank.

A cable release can be attached by screwing one into the shutter release button just as with Media Loan's 35mm Pentax K-1000 cameras.

The Pentax 6x7 can not take multiple exposure pictures.

Unloading Film

Once all of the frames are exposed you’ll want to unload your film. When you’re ready to do this, wind the crank a few more times until there is no more tension in the crank lever. By now the protective light-safe paper should be covering the film and totally wrapped around the spool. Unfasten the silver dials just like when loading film. Keeping a firm grip on the film so that it doesn't unroll, lick or peel off the sticky tape on the roll and make sure it is securely attached to the spool. Close everything back up.

Using a Flash

To use a flash with the Pentax 6x7, first attach the flash to the hot shoe mount on the handle. This camera has options for both X-type sync cables and FP-type sync cables. Use only the X-type as plugging an X cable into an FP housing can cause damage. Again, this camera can only use a flash when the shutter speed is set to 1/30th of a second or slower.

Bronica SQ-B

Bronica ETRS, ETRSI, & SQ-B

There are three different models of the Bronica available at Media Loan: SB-Q, ETRS, and ETRSi. They are very similar in operation except for a few minor things like button placement and the viewfinders and accessories that come with each camera. The aspect ratio that these cameras shoot at is also different. 

  • The ETRS and ETRSi have prism viewfinders and are in a 6x6 (square) format.
  • The SB-Q (aka 645) has a wast-level view finder and is in a 6x4.5 (rectangle) format.

The Bronica begins to feel like a departure from the 35mm cameras. It is essentially a cube with a lens attached. One notices a very different feel when shooting with a Bronica than with the Pentax 6x7. Since a lot of the controls are not in conventional places, it may take some time to get acquainted with this camera. All of the Bronica cameras can only use 120 film.

Film cartridge doors
Cartridge release latches
The film cartridge

Loading Film

To load film, open the back of the camera by pinching the buttons that lie just under the viewfinder that are indicated by arrows. It is spring loaded and the film cartridge may fall out so be prepared. The outer shell will fold down and then the film cartridge can be removed.

In the Bronica, film moves from top to bottom. This means your new roll of film will be on top and your empty spool on bottom Now that you're holding the film cartridge, notice there are two door flaps on the left side. Using your finger, push them open from the inside out. You will now be able to remove or insert film spools into each slot. Make sure the empty spool is on bottom and the fresh film is on top. Now you will take the film leader and run it over the pressure plate on the opposite side, bringing it down and around to the empty take up spool. A proper loading will have the black side of the paper leader facing outwards over the pressure plate.
Film direction
Now, using the manual film advance wheel located on the right side of the cartridge, advance the film until the arrow on the leader aligns with the red arrow on the inside left of the cartridge.

To close the camera, the cartridge must first be aligned properly on the camera body, not inserted into the door. Once the cartridge is in place, close the door. It can be a little tricky to get it perfectly aligned. Do not force anything. If the door won't shut, take the cartridge out and try again.

Now wind the film advance lever until it stops moving and the frame counter is at 0.

Waist-level viewfinder

Waist-level Viewfinder

Magnifier latch
Magnifier
Many of Media Loan's Bronicas, like the Mamiyas, feature waist-level viewfinders. This is different than a prism viewfinder in which the viewfinder is held up to the eye. Alternatively, waist-level viewfinders are held at the waist and have a "screen" and magnifier for focusing. Most waist-level viewfinders open by simply folding up the top of the camera. Sometimes there is a small latch. There are metal walls that will snap into place once it is open.

To open the magnifier for critical focusing, there is another release latch on the inside of the focusing hood. To close the magnifier, simply move it back into place with your finger, trying not to touch the actual glass.

Some of the Bronicas come with prism viewfinders, which you can ask for. Some of the prism viewfinders are electronic and feature an internal light meter.

Exposing, Focusing, & Taking a Picture

Shutter speed dial
Shutter release button

To set the shutter speed, there is a dial on the right side of the camera body. The Bronica has a range of shutter speeds from 1/500th of a second to 8 seconds.

The aperture is set by twisting the aperture ring on the lens and has a range of f/2.4 to f/22.

If you are using a Bronica with a built in light meter, set the ISO to match your film speed by twisting the dial on the left of the viewfinder. If it does not have an internal light meter, you do not have to worry about setting your ISO.

To focus, open the magnifier in the focusing hood as described in the previous section. The Bronica's lens functions conveniently like most other camera lenses. Twist the focus ring until your subject comes into focus.

Before taking a picture, the film must be advanced. Do this by winding the crank on the right side of the camera. When there is no film loaded in the camera, the crank will spin indefinitely. Once film has been loaded, the crank will stop itself in the correct position.

The shutter release button is a black button located on the front of the camera in the bottom left corner. You can attach a cable release by screwing one into the cable release hole on the left side of the camera.

It is preferable to take a picture in the steps in order to ensure a focused picture:

  1. Advance the film
  2. Set your shutter speed and aperture according to your light meter
  3. Focus on your subject
  4. Depress the shutter release button
Flash plug

Using a Flash

A flash can be connected using an X-type sync cable. The port for this flash is located on the front side of the camera in the top right corner. When plugging and unplugging a sync cable, always pull gently and straight out. Never use a twisting motion to get it out.

The Bronica can conveniently sync with flash at any shutter speed, even at its fastest of 1/500th of a second.

Mirror lock-up & multiple exposure knobs

Multiple Exposure

The Bronica cameras can take multiple exposures, exposing a single frame an unlimited number of times.

To do this, first wind the crank to advance the film. There is a small lever next to the crank that needs to be rotated clockwise. A red warning indicator will appear in the viewfinder letting you know that the multiple exposure mode is engaged, however it is always wise to double check that this lever is in the left or counter-clockwise position (single exposure mode) prior to shooting. When the multiple exposure mode is set, the shutter can be cocked with the film advance crank an infinite number of times without actually advancing the film.

Mirror Lockup

The function of a camera's mirror lockup (also abbreviated MLU) is to reduce the potential for motion blur due to the movement of the mirror inside the camera. This movement will potentially effect photographs only when shooting at shutter speeds of 1/60th of a second or slower. Since the mirror that allows viewing and composing through the viewfinder before actually taking a picture is stuck in its upright position, you will no longer be able to use the viewfinder once the MLU function is engaged.

To engage this function on the Bronica, first advance the film with the crank. There is a lever located to the right of the multiple exposure lever. Move this lever counter-clockwise. You will know it is engaged when you can not see anything through the viewfinder.

There are three settings for the mirror lockup function. "N" for normal in which the mirror will not lock up, and "S" for single frame and "C" for continuous in which the mirror will be locked up.

If you are on your last exposure of the roll and the mirror lock up function is still engaged, the shutter will continue to release every 360 degree turn and will not advance the film as would usually happen after the last exposure.

Mamiya C330

Mamiya C330 & C220

The Mamiya cameras at Media Loan are perhaps the least intuitive to use of the medium format cameras. Learning to use one properly, however, is well worth it for both high quality images and mad style points. Like large format cameras, the Mamiya uses bellows to focus. Instead of adjusting the elements of glass within the lens, like with lenses that can focus internally, bellows physically move the lens farther or closer to the plane of film in order to focus.

The Mamiya shoots square frames that are 2 1/4 inch long in each direction.

Pressure plate film type

Before Loading Film

Cover dial rotation

Like the Pentax 6x7, the Mamiya can shoot with either 120 or 220 film and the camera needs to be adjusted accordingly before loading film. First, adjust the orientation of the pressure plate on the inside of the camera to coincide with the kind of film you are using. To open the back of the camera rotate the silver locking disk at the top of the back side of the camera so that the red dot is pointing up and you can slide the disk in the direction of the arrow.

Film type indicator
Parallax dial

Because the Mamiya uses a twin lens system rather than being an SLR, you will also need to adjust the parallax adjustment to match whatever the focal length of the lens is you are using. This can be set by the outer ring on the main dial on the left side of the camera. Depending on the adjustment made and the distance of the camera from the subject, a bar will appear on the left side of the viewfinder. This is important to notice as it indicates the top of the frame and everything above the bar will be cut off on the actual film, even though it is present in the viewfinder.

Additionally, because the farther the bellows take the lens away from the film, light is increasingly lost along the way from when it enters the lens to when it reaches the film. Inside the viewfinder, the number that the moving bar lands at indicates in number of stops how much to increase the exposure by in order to compensate for the reduced light.

Loading Film

With the neck strap around your neck, open the back of the camera as indicated in the previous section. There are two spool release knobs on the left side of the camera. These pull out and will allow you to remove the film spools. Twist these knobs while pulling to lock them in their disengaged position. On the Mamiya, the film moves from bottom to top, opposite of the Bronica cameras move film. Accordingly, place the empty take up spool in the top compartment. Lock it in place. Then place your fresh roll of film in the bottom compartment and lock it in place.

Loading film

Pull out the film leader from the fresh spool and bring it up to the empty spool and thread it into that spool. Once threaded, turn the film advance crank on the right side of the camera clockwise to advance the film leader until the printed arrow on the leader matches up with the start mark on the inside of the camera (located a little lower than half way down on the right side.)

Close the back of the camera by pushing firmly on either side of the silver locking dial. Once closed, turn the locking dial counter-clockwise to lock the back cover in place. Continue to turn the film advance crank clockwise until it won't turn anymore. Your shutter is now cocked and ready to take a picture.

Exposing, Focusing, & Taking a Picture

Shutter speed & aperture
Aperture adjustment knob

The Mamiya is slightly different than other cameras in that both the aperture and shutter speed are set on the bottom lens. There are individual rings for each of these settings. The aperture can be set by moving the little black handle on the left side of the lens and the shutter speed can be set by twisting the knob with fractions of a second on it. Do not change the shutter speed after the shutter has been cocked.

The aperture ranges from f/2.8 to f/22 and the shutter speed ranges from 1/500th of a second to 1 seconds.

Since the Mamiya does not have an internal light meter there is no need for an ISO setting. The camera does however allow you to set the ISO of the film you are using on the dial configuration on the right side of the camera. This does not effect the performance of the camera at all but simply serves as a reminder for the kind of film you are shooting. Be sure to also check out a light meter from Media Loan when checking out a medium format camera.

Like the Bronica, most of Media Loan's Mamiyas feature waist-level viewfinders although some of them come with prism viewfinders. You can request either when checking one out. Also like the Bronica, the Mamiya has a magnifier seated within the focusing hood that can be expanded for critical focusing. To focus the camera, the Mamiya uses bellows that bring the lens closer or farther from the film plane. The lens is a fixed piece of glass and does not focus internally. To adjust the bellows and focus your image, twist either of the large black knobs on the bottom front of the camera.

Two shutter releases

After your film has been advanced by turning the crank clockwise, the camera is ready to take a picture. There are two ways to release the shutter. The first is a silver button on the front of the camera in the bottom left corner. A cable release can also be screwed in here. The second way is with the slide mechanism on the right side of the camera. There is a small black lever for your thumb. Slide this downward to release the shutter. As the Mamiyas are quite old, not all of the cameras are able to be fired with either method. Some can only use one or the other and this will be indicated by a note on the camera. Advance the film after each exposure.

Exposure type dial
Shutter release lock

There is a shutter lock on the slide mechanism that can be pushed to the "L" position. This prevents both shutter releases from being able to move and is thus useful to use when transporting the camera or arranging your shot.

To take take a picture using multiple exposures, there is a dial next to the film advance crank that has the option of either "SINGLE" or "MULTI". Turn this to "MULTI" to be able to exposure a frame multiple times without needing to advance the film.

Unloading Film

After twelve frames are exposed, continue to turn the winding crank until there is no more tension on the advance crank. At this point, the protective paper of the film should be rolled up around the take up spool. When unloading the film, keep the spool rolled and hold the film tightly to prevent light exposure. Lick or peel the tab on the film and wrap it firmly around the exposed film. Close the camera back.

Flash plug

Using a Flash

To synchronize a flash with the Mamiya, switch the Synchro Selector MX Switch to “X”. You will need to check out a Vivitar flash and a flash sync cable. Because the Vivitar flash was not designed to be used with the Mamiya, it will not properly mount on the hot shoe. Therefore, you’ll need to hold it while taking your picture. The Seagull and the Kalimar should not require a sync cable as they can mount onto the hot shoe. Caution: Avoid moving the self-timer while the flash sync is set at “M”. It may cause damage to the self-timer.

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